Table 4

Risk for severe TBI (Marshal ≥3) associated with substance use at time of injury and pre-injury substance abuse (n = 88).

Number of cases

n (%)

Less severe TBI

n (%)

More severe TBI

n (%)

OR (95% CI)

Unadjusted

OR (95% CI)

Adjusted for age and gender

OR (95% CI)

Adjusted for age, gender, education, cause of injury, subst. use/CAGE

Substance use

No

43 (49)

20 (42)

23 (58)

1*

1*

1*

Yes

45 (51)

28 (58)

17 (42)

0.52 (0.23-1.24)

0.60 (0.24-1.53)

0.39 (0.11-1.35)

p = 0.14

p = 0.28

p = 0.14

CAGE

< 2

65 (74)

37 (77)

28 (70)

1*

1*

1*

≥ 2

23 (26)

11 (23)

12 (30)

1.44 (0.56-3.74)

1.66 (0.60-4.61)

4.05 (1.05-15.64)

p = 0.45

p = 0.32

p = 0.04

The data are presented as OR (odds ratio). *Reference category. OR greater than 1 increases probability of severe TBI. OR less than 1 decreases the probability of severe TBI.

Andelic et al. Journal of Trauma Management & Outcomes 2010 4:6   doi:10.1186/1752-2897-4-6