Short Report

A decade of experience with injuries to the gallbladder

Chad G Ball¹ , Elijah Dixon¹ , Andrew W Kirkpatrick¹ , Francis R Sutherland¹ , Kevin B Laupland² and David V Feliciano³

¹  Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

²  Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

³  Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

author email corresponding author email

Journal of Trauma Management & Outcomes 2010, 4:3doi:10.1186/1752-2897-4-3

Published:	15 April 2010

Abstract

Background

Considering that injuries to the gallbladder are rare, the purpose of this study was to evaluate injury patterns, operative procedures and outcomes in patients with trauma to the gallbladder. A retrospective review of traumatic injuries to the gallbladder at an urban level 1 trauma center from 1996 to 2008 was performed. Injuries were identified via imaging or during operative exploration.

Results

Injuries to the gallbladder occurred in 45 patients, 40 (89%) of whom suffered penetrating trauma. Associated injuries were present in 44 (98%) patients, including 10 (22%) pancreatic injuries requiring repair and/or drainage. Patients were severely injured (49% hemodynamically unstable at presentation; mean Injury Severity Score = 20; mean length of stay = 22 days; mortality rate = 24%). Cholecystectomy was performed in 42 patients (93%), while the remaining 3 had drainage only as part of a "damage control" operation related to their critical physiologic status. Injuries to the extrahepatic biliary ducts occurred in 3 patients (7%) as well. Although all patients developed trauma related complications, none were a direct result of their biliary tract injuries.

Conclusion

Injuries to the gallbladder are rare even in the busiest urban trauma centers. Almost all patients have associated intra-abdominal injuries, and nearly 50% of patients are hemodynamically unstable on admission. Rapid cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for all mechanisms of injury, except when the first operative procedure is of the damage control type.